(1) Turnbuckles. Follow these rigging practices for turnbuckles:

(a) Locking nuts, if used, must be compatible with the threads of the turnbuckle end. (See Figure 30, Turnbuckle Types.)

(b) For long-term installations, secure turnbuckles in a way that prevents unscrewing.

(c) Turnbuckle end fitting threads must be fully engaged in the body threads.

(d) Components, including pins, bolts, nuts, or cotter pins used with jaw ends, must be in good working condition prior to use.

(2) Eyebolts. Follow these rigging practices for eyebolts:

(a) You must only use eyebolts not shouldered to the load for in-line loads. (See Figure 31, Eyebolts.)

(b) You must use only shoulder eyebolts for angular lifting.

(i) The shoulder must be flush and securely tightened against the load.

(ii) You must reduce the working load limit (WLL) as shown in Figure 31.

(iii) For angular lifts, you must align the plane of the eye with the direction of loading. If needed, flat washers can be used under the shoulder to position the plane of the eye. (See Figure 31.)

(c) When using eyebolts in a tapped blind hole, the effective thread length must be at least one and one-half times the diameter of the bolt for engagement in steel. (See Figure 31.) For other engagements, or engagements in other materials, contact the eyebolt manufacturer or a qualified person.

(d) When using eyebolts in a tapped through-hole of less than one diameter thickness, you must use a nut under the load, and it must be fully engaged and tightened securely against the load. (See Figure 31.)

(e) When eyebolts are used in an untapped through-hole, the nut under the load must be fully engaged. If the eyebolt is not shouldered to the load, a second nut on top of the load should be used if possible. (See Figure 31.)

(3) Eye nuts. Follow these rigging practices for eye nuts (see Figure 32, Eye Nuts):

(a) The threads of eye nuts must be fully engaged;

(b) You must only use nuts for in-line loads;

(c) Components must be in good working condition prior to use.

(4) Swivel hoist rings. Follow these rigging practices for swivel hoist rings:

(a) The swivel hoist ring working load limit (WLL) must meet or exceed the anticipated angular rigging tension. (See Figure 33, Angle of Loading.)

(b) You must tighten swivel hoist rings to the torque specifications of the manufacturer.

(c) The swivel hoist ring must be free to rotate and pivot without interference during lifting. (See Figure 34, Swivel Hoist Rings.)

(d) The load applied to the swivel hoist ring must be centered in the bail to prevent side loading.

(e) Any attached lifting component must be narrower than the inside width of the bail to avoid spreading.

(f) When using swivel hoist rings in a threaded-hole, the effective thread length must be 1 1/2 times the diameter of the bolt for steel. (See Figure 34.) For other thread engagements or engagement in other materials, contact the manufacturer or a qualified person.

(g) When using swivel hoist rings in a through-hole application, you must use a nut and washer. A washer and nut must be in accordance with the manufacturer's recommendations. The nut must be fully engaged. (See Figure 34.)

(h) The bushing flange must fully contact the load surface. (See Figure 34.)

(i) You must not use spacers or washers between the bushing flange and the mounting surface of the load being lifted.