Chapter 296-864 WAC
Last Update: 12/1/15SPLIT (MULTIPIECE) RIM AND SINGLE-PIECE RIM WHEELS
WAC Sections
| HTMLPDF | 296-864-099 | Definitions. |
| HTMLPDF | 296-864-100 | Scope. |
| HTMLPDF | 296-864-200 | Wheel components. |
| HTMLPDF | 296-864-20005 | Make sure wheel components are compatible. |
| HTMLPDF | 296-864-20010 | Make sure rim wheels are serviced safely. |
| HTMLPDF | 296-864-20015 | Make sure damaged wheel components are not used. |
| HTMLPDF | 296-864-300 | Restraint devices. |
| HTMLPDF | 296-864-30005 | Use a restraining device. |
| HTMLPDF | 296-864-30010 | Make sure the restraint device meets these requirements. |
| HTMLPDF | 296-864-30015 | Provide charts or rim manuals. |
| HTMLPDF | 296-864-400 | Service split rim wheels safely. |
| HTMLPDF | 296-864-40005 | Establish a safe operating procedure for split rim wheels. |
| HTMLPDF | 296-864-40010 | Follow these procedures for demounting split rim wheels. |
| HTMLPDF | 296-864-40015 | Follow these procedures when working on split rim wheels and components. |
| HTMLPDF | 296-864-40020 | Follow these procedures for inflating split rim wheels. |
| HTMLPDF | 296-864-500 | Service single-piece rim wheels safely. |
| HTMLPDF | 296-864-50005 | Establish a safe operating procedure for single-piece rim wheels. |
| HTMLPDF | 296-864-50010 | Follow these procedures for demounting single-piece rim wheels. |
| HTMLPDF | 296-864-50015 | Follow these procedures when working on single-piece rim wheels and components. |
| HTMLPDF | 296-864-50020 | Follow these procedures for inflating single-piece rim wheels. |
| HTMLPDF | 296-864-600 | Employee training. |
| HTMLPDF | 296-864-60005 | Train employees who service rim wheels. |
| HTMLPDF | 296-864-60010 | Make sure employees demonstrate and retain the ability to service rim wheels safely. |
DISPOSITION OF SECTIONS FORMERLY CODIFIED IN THIS TITLE
| 296-864-700 | Definitions. [Statutory Authority: RCW 49.17.010, 49.17.040, 49.17.050, 49.17.060. WSR 04-20-079, § 296-864-700, filed 10/5/04, effective 2/1/05.] Repealed by WSR 15-24-102, filed 12/1/15, effective 1/5/16. Statutory Authority: RCW 49.17.010, 49.17.040, 49.17.050, 49.17.060. |
PDF296-864-099
Definitions.
Barrier. A fence, wall or other object placed between a single-piece rim wheel and an employee during tire inflation that will contain the components if the air in the tire is suddenly released.
Charts.
(a) The United States Department of Labor, Occupational Safety and Health Administration publications entitled "Demounting and Mounting Procedures for Truck/Bus Tires" and "Multi-Piece Rim Matching Chart";
(b) The National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) publications entitled "Demounting and Mounting Procedures for Truck/Bus Tires" and "Multi-Piece Rim Matching Chart"; or
(c) Any other poster that contains at least the same instructions, safety precautions and other information contained in the charts applicable to the types of wheels being serviced.
Demounting. Deflating and taking apart a tire and rim wheel.
Installing a rim wheel. The transfer and attachment of an assembled rim wheel onto a vehicle axle hub.
Mounting a tire. The putting together of the wheel and tire components to form a rim wheel, including inflation.
Restraining device. Is a cage or rack that will hold all rim wheel components during an explosive separation of a multipiece rim wheel or during the sudden release of air in a single-piece rim wheel.
Rim manual. Is a publication containing instructions from the manufacturer or other qualified organization for correct mounting, demounting, maintenance, and safety precautions for the type of wheel being serviced.
Service or servicing. The mounting and demounting of rim wheels, and related activities such as inflating, deflating, installing, removing, and handling.
Service area. Any place where an employee services rim wheels.
Single-piece rim wheel. A single part holds the tire, forms part of the air chamber and is the point where the wheel is attached to the vehicle axle.
Split rim wheel or multipiece rim wheel. A wheel made up of two or more parts. One of the parts is a side ring or locking ring that holds the tire on the wheel when the tire is inflated.
Trajectory. The path that a rim wheel component may travel during an explosive separation or the sudden release of air.
Wheel. That portion of a rim wheel that attaches to the axle of a vehicle and also contains the inflated tire or tire and tube.
PDF296-864-100
Scope.
Note: | This rule is intended to protect employees from hazards associated with the exploding separation of rim wheel components. |
This chapter applies to the protection of employees who service split rim wheels and single-piece rim wheels used on large vehicles. For example: | |
1. Trucks; | |
2. Tractors; | |
3. Trailers; | |
4. Buses; and | |
5. Off-road machines. |
EXEMPTION: | This chapter does not apply to the servicing of rim wheels used on: |
1. Automobiles; or | |
2. Tires designated as light truck (LT). |
Note: | The tire designation can be found on the sidewall of the tire. |
PDF296-864-200
Wheel components.
Summary
Your responsibility:
To make sure rim wheels are serviced safely.
You must meet the requirements… | in this section: |
Make sure wheel components are compatible | WAC 296-864-20005 |
Make sure rim wheels are serviced safely | WAC 296-864-20010 |
Make sure damaged wheel components are not used | WAC 296-864-20015 |
PDF296-864-20005
Make sure wheel components are compatible.
(1) You must make sure tires and rim wheels are compatible before assembly.
(2) You must make sure split rim wheel components are not interchanged, except as provided in:
(a) The Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) and National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) charts, "Demounting and Mounting Procedures for Truck/Bus Tires" and "Multi-Piece Rim Matching Chart"; or
(b) The rim manual for that component.
Note: | Reprints of these charts, "Demounting and Mounting Procedures for Truck/Bus Tires" and "Multi-Piece Rim Matching Chart," are available: |
1. Through the WISHA Training and Outreach office at 360-902-5638. | |
2. Through the OSHA area offices. The address and telephone number of the nearest OSHA area office can be obtained by looking in the local telephone directory under U.S. Government, U.S. Department of Labor, Occupational Safety and Health Administration. | |
3. From the OSHA website at http://www.osha.gov/pls/publications/pubindex.continue. | |
4. Through U.S. Postal Service at: | |
OSHA Publications Office | |
U.S. Department of Labor Occupational Safety and Health Administration | |
200 Constitution Ave. N.W. | |
Washington D.C. 20210 | |
Telephone: 202-693-1888. |
PDF296-864-20010
Make sure rim wheels are serviced safely.
(1) You must inspect split rim wheel components and single-piece wheels prior to assembly.
(2) You must make sure the following are free of any dirt, surface rust, scale or loose or flaked rubber build-up prior to mounting and inflation:
(a) Rim flanges;
(b) Rim gutters;
(c) Rings;
(d) Bead seating surfaces; and
(e) The bead areas of tires.
(3) You must make sure you do not heat any rim wheels at any time.
(4) You must make sure you do not repair any rim wheel that is:
(a) Cracked;
(b) Broken;
(c) Bent; or
(d) Damaged.
Note: | Repair includes activities such as striking with a hammer and heating rim wheel components. |
(5) You must provide and make sure that an air line assembly consisting of the following components is used for inflating tires:
(a) A clip-on chuck;
(b) An in-line valve with a pressure gauge or a presettable regulator; and
(c) A sufficient length of hose between the clip-on chuck and the in-line valve, if one is used, to allow the employee to stand outside the trajectory.
Reference: | For additional requirements relating to compressed air tools, see WAC 296-807-140, Compressed air tools, in portable power tools. |
PDF296-864-20015
Make sure damaged wheel components are not used.
(1) You must make sure any wheel or wheel component that is bent out of shape, pitted from corrosion, broken or cracked is:
(a) Not used;
(b) Marked or tagged unserviceable; and
(c) Removed from the service area.
(2) You must replace damaged or leaky valves.
PDF296-864-300
Restraint devices.
Your responsibility:
To make sure your restraint devices are safe.
You must meet the requirements… | in this section: |
Use a restraining device | WAC 296-864-30005 |
Make sure the restraint device meets these requirements | WAC 296-864-30010 |
Provide charts or rim manuals | WAC 296-864-30015 |
PDF296-864-30005
Use a restraining device.
(1) You must use a restraining device for inflating tires on split rim wheels.
(2) You must use a restraining device or barrier for inflating tires on single-piece wheels.
EXEMPTION: | A restraining device or barrier is not required for single-piece rim wheels, if the rim wheel will be bolted onto a vehicle during inflation. |
PDF296-864-30010
Make sure the restraint device meets these requirements.
(1) You must make sure the restraining device or barrier can withstand a rim wheel separation that occurs at one hundred fifty percent of the maximum tire pressure specified.
(2) You must make sure the restraining devices and barriers will contain any components that may be thrown out during a wheel separation of any rim wheel.
(3) You must make sure restraining devices and barriers are visually inspected:
(a) Prior to each day's use; and
(b) After any separation of the rim wheel components or sudden release of air.
(4) You must make sure any restraining device or barrier that shows damage is immediately removed from service. Examples of damage include:
(a) Cracks at welds;
(b) Cracked or broken components;
(c) Bent or sprung components caused by mishandling, abuse, tire explosion or rim wheel separation;
(d) Pitting of components due to corrosion; or
(e) Other structural damage that would decrease its effectiveness.
(5) You must make sure restraining devices or barriers removed from service are not used until they are repaired and reinspected.
(6) You must make sure restraining devices or barriers that need structural repair are not used until they are certified by either:
(a) The manufacturer; or
(b) A registered professional engineer.
Note: | The certification needs to show that the barrier can withstand a force of one hundred fifty percent of the maximum tire pressure in the event of wheel separation. |
PDF296-864-30015
Provide charts or rim manuals.
(1) You must provide current charts or rim manuals containing instructions for the types of wheels being serviced in the service area.
(2) You must provide and use only tools recommended in the rim manual for the specific type of rim wheel being serviced.
PDF296-864-400
Service split rim wheels safely.
Your responsibility:
To establish and use procedures to service split rim wheels safely.
You must meet the requirements… | in this section: |
Establish a safe operating procedure for split rim wheels | WAC 296-864-40005 |
Follow these procedures for demounting split rim wheels | WAC 296-864-40010 |
Follow these procedures when working on split rim wheels and components | WAC 296-864-40015 |
Follow these procedures for inflating split rim wheels | WAC 296-864-40020 |
PDF296-864-40005
Establish a safe operating procedure for split rim wheels.
(1) You must establish a safe operating procedure for servicing split rim wheels that includes the procedures in WAC 296-864-40010 through 296-864-40020.
(2) You must instruct employees in that procedure.
PDF296-864-40010
Follow these procedures for demounting split rim wheels.
You must follow the relevant procedures in Table 1, Procedures for Deflating Split Rim Wheels.
Table 1
Procedures for Demounting Split Rim Wheels
During these times: | Then: |
Demounting rim wheels. | Make sure tires are completely deflated before demounting by removal of the valve core. |
During either of the following situations: | Deflate the tires completely by removing the valve core, before a rim wheel is removed from the axle. |
The tire has been driven underinflated at 80 percent or less of its recommended pressure; or | |
There is obvious or suspected damage to the tire or wheel components. |
PDF296-864-40015
Follow these procedures when working on split rim wheels and components.
You must follow the relevant procedures in Table 2, Procedures for Working on Split Rim Wheels and Components.
Table 2
Procedures for Working on Split Rim Wheels and Components
During these times: | Then: |
A split rim wheel is in a restraining device. | Make sure employees do not rest or lean any part of the body or equipment on or against the restraining device. |
Assembly of the wheel and inflation of the tire. | Apply rubber lubricant to bead and rim mating surfaces, unless the tire or wheel manufacturer recommends against it. |
After tire inflation. | Do both of the following: |
Inspect the tire and wheel components while still within the restraining device; and | |
Make sure that they are properly seated and locked. | |
When adjusting the tire or wheel components. | Deflate the tire by removal of the valve core before the adjustment is made. |
PDF296-864-40020
Follow these procedures for inflating split rim wheels.
You must follow the relevant procedures in Table 3, Procedures for Inflating Split Rim Wheels.
Table 3
Procedures for Inflating Split Rim Wheels
During these times: | Then: |
Split rim wheels are being inflated. | Make sure employees stay out of the trajectory. |
When all of the following occur: | The tire may be inflated while the rim wheel is on the vehicle. |
A tire on a vehicle has more than 80 percent of the recommended pressure; and | |
Remote control inflation equipment is used; and | |
No employees are in the trajectory during inflation. | |
Assembly of the wheel and inflation of the tire. | Apply rubber lubricant to bead and rim mating surfaces, unless the tire or wheel manufacturer recommends against it. |
Inflating tires outside of a restraining device. | Make sure you do not exceed 5 psi (pounds per square inch) to seat the bead. |
The tire is pressurized. | Make sure you don't correct the seating of side and lock rings by hammering, striking or forcing the components. |
Note: | 1. Employees should stay out of the trajectory as much as possible while installing the split rim wheel onto the vehicle. |
2. The trajectory may deviate from its expected path. |
PDF296-864-500
Service single-piece rim wheels safely.
Your responsibility:
To establish and use procedures to service single-piece rim wheels safely.
You must meet the requirements… | in this section: |
Establish a safe operating procedure for single-piece rim wheels | WAC 296-864-50005 |
Follow these procedures for demounting single-piece rim wheels | WAC 296-864-50010 |
Follow these procedures when working on single-piece rim wheel components | WAC 296-864-50015 |
Follow these procedures for inflating single-piece rim wheels | WAC 296-864-50020 |
PDF296-864-50005
Establish a safe operating procedure for single-piece rim wheels.
(1) You must establish a safe operating procedure for servicing single-piece rim wheels that includes the procedures in WAC 296-864-50010 through 296-864-50020.
(2) You must instruct employees in that procedure.
PDF296-864-50010
Follow these procedures for demounting single-piece rim wheels.
You must follow the relevant procedures in Table 4, Procedures for Demounting Single-Piece Wheel Components.
Table 4
Procedures for Demounting Single-Piece Rim Wheels
During these times: | Then: |
At all times. | Make sure mounting and demounting of the tire is done only from the narrow ledge side of the wheel. |
When demounting rim wheels. | Make sure tires are completely deflated before demounting by removal of the valve core. |
PDF296-864-50015
Follow these procedures when working on single-piece rim wheels and components.
You must follow the relevant procedures in Table 5, Procedures for Working on Single-Piece Wheel Components.
Table 5
Procedures for Working on Single-Piece Rim Wheel Components
During these times: | Then: |
At all times. | Avoid damaging the tire beads while mounting tires on wheels. |
At all times. | Make sure tires are mounted only on compatible wheels of matching bead diameter and width. |
Before assembly of the rim wheel. | Apply rubber lubricant to bead and wheel mating surfaces, unless the tire or wheel manufacturer recommends against the use of any rubber lubricant. |
When using a tire changing machine. | Make sure the tire is inflated only to the minimum pressure necessary to force the tire bead onto the rim ledge while on the tire changing machine. |
When using a bead expander. | Make sure it is removed: |
Before the valve core is installed; and | |
As soon as the rim wheel becomes airtight (the tire bead slips onto the bead seat). |
Note: | You should not inflate tires above 40 psi to seat the bead. |
PDF296-864-50020
Follow these procedures for inflating single-piece rim wheels.
(1) You must inflate tires only when contained within a restraining device or bolted on the vehicle with the lug nuts fully tightened.
(2) You must make sure tires are not inflated when any flat, solid surface is in the trajectory and within one foot of the sidewall.
(3) You must make sure employees stay out of the trajectory when inflating a tire.
(4) You must make sure, when inflating tires, that the inflation pressure stamped in the sidewall isn't exceeded unless the manufacturer recommends a higher pressure.
(5) You must make sure tires aren't inflated above the maximum pressure recommended by the manufacturer to seat the tire bead firmly against the rim flange.
PDF296-864-600
Employee training.
Your responsibility:
To train employees to service split rim and single-piece rim wheels.
You must meet the requirements… | in this section: |
Train employees who service rim wheels | WAC 296-864-60005 |
Make sure employees demonstrate and retain the ability to service rim wheels safely | WAC 296-864-60010 |
PDF296-864-60005
Train employees who service rim wheels.
(1) You must train all employees who service rim wheels.
(2) You must make sure that employees do not service any rim wheel until they have been trained and instructed in:
(a) Correct procedures of servicing the type of wheel being worked on; and
(b) The safe operating procedures described in:
(i) WAC 296-864-400, Service split rim wheels safely; and
(ii) WAC 296-864-500, Service single-piece rim wheels safely.
(3) You must make sure the training program explains the hazards involved in servicing those rim wheels and the safety procedures to be followed.
(4) You must make sure the training program includes, at a minimum, the applicable data from the:
(a) Charts;
(b) Rim manuals; and
(c) Contents of this standard.
PDF296-864-60010
Make sure employees demonstrate and retain the ability to service rim wheels safely.
(1) You must make sure that each employee demonstrates the ability to service rim wheels safely, including performing the following tasks for the specified type of rim wheel in Table 6.
Table 6
Required Training Tasks
Required Task | Split Rim | Single-Piece Rim |
Demounting and deflation of tires | X | X |
Inspection and identification of the rim wheel components | X | X |
Hazards of mixing 16" BS 16.5" tires and rims | X | |
Mounting of tires | X | X |
Inflation of tires with a restraining device or other safeguard required by this section | X | X |
Use of the restraining device or barrier, and other equipment required by this section | X | X |
Handling of rim wheels | X | X |
Inflation of the tire when a rim wheel is mounted on a vehicle | X | |
The hazards associated with standing in front of a split rim or single-piece rim wheel: | X | X |
During inflation of the tire; | ||
During inspection of the rim wheel following inflation; and | ||
Installation and removal of rim wheels. |
(2) You must make sure any employee that is unable to read the charts or rim manual is effectively trained on their contents.
(3) You must evaluate each employee's ability to perform these tasks and to service rim wheels safely.
(4) You must provide additional training as necessary to make sure that each employee maintains his or her proficiency.
Helpful tool:
Training checklist
The optional training checklist can help you monitor the training status of your employees. You can find this checklist in the resources section of this chapter.