(1) The definitions in this subsection apply throughout this section unless the context clearly requires otherwise.

(a) "Emergency services" means health care services medically necessary to evaluate and treat a medical condition that manifests itself by the acute onset of a symptom or symptoms, including severe pain, that would lead a prudent layperson acting reasonably to believe that a health condition exists that requires immediate medical attention, and that the absence of immediate medical attention could reasonably be expected to result in serious impairment to bodily functions or serious dysfunction of an organ or part of the body, or would place the person's health, or in the case of a pregnant woman, the health of the woman or her unborn child, in serious jeopardy.

(b) "General hospital" means a hospital that provides general acute care services, including emergency services.

(c) "Specialty hospital" means a subclass of hospital that is primarily or exclusively engaged in the care and treatment of one of the following categories: (i) Patients with a cardiac condition; (ii) patients with an orthopedic condition; (iii) patients receiving a surgical procedure; and (iv) any other specialized category of services that the secretary of health and human services designates as a specialty hospital.

(d) "Transfer agreement" means a written agreement providing an effective process for the transfer of a patient requiring emergency services to a general hospital providing emergency services and for continuity of care for that patient.

(e) "Health service area" has the same meaning as in RCW 70.38.025.

(2) To be licensed under this chapter, a specialty hospital shall:

(a) Be significantly engaged in providing inpatient care;

(b) Comply with all standards and rules adopted by the department for hospitals;

(c) Provide appropriate discharge planning;

(d) Provide staff proficient in resuscitation and respiration maintenance twenty-four hours per day, seven days per week;

(e) Participate in the medicare and medicaid programs and provide at least the same percentage of services to medicare and medicaid beneficiaries, as a percent of gross revenues, as the lowest percentage of services provided to medicare and medicaid beneficiaries by a general hospital in the same health service area. The lowest percentage of services provided to medicare and medicaid beneficiaries shall be determined by the department in consultation with the general hospitals in the health service area but shall not be the percentage of medicare and medicaid services of a hospital that serves primarily members of a particular health plan or government sponsor;

(f) Provide at least the same percentage of charity care, as a percent of gross revenues, as the lowest percentage of charity care provided by a general hospital in the same health service area. The lowest percentage of charity care shall be determined by the department in consultation with the general hospitals in the health service area but shall not be the percentage of charity care of a hospital that serves primarily members of a particular health plan or government sponsor;

(g) Require any physician owner to: (i) In accordance with chapter 19.68 RCW, disclose a financial interest in the specialty hospital and provide a list of alternative hospitals before referring a patient to the specialty hospital; and (ii) if the specialty hospital does not have an intensive care unit, notify the patient that if intensive care services are required, the patient will be transferred to another hospital;

(h) Provide emergency services twenty-four hours per day, seven days per week in a designated area of the hospital, and comply with requirements for emergency facilities that are established by the department;

(i) Establish procedures to stabilize a patient with an emergency medical condition until the patient is transported or transferred to another hospital if emergency services cannot be provided at the specialty hospital to meet the needs of the patient in an emergency, and maintain a transfer agreement with a general hospital in the same health service area that establishes a process for patient transfers in a situation in which the specialty hospital cannot provide continuing care for a patient because of the specialty hospital's scope of services and for the transfer of patients; and

(j) Accept the transfer of patients from general hospitals when the patients require the category of care or treatment provided by the specialty hospital.

(3) This section does not apply to:

(a) A specialty hospital that provides only psychiatric, pediatric, long-term acute care, cancer, or rehabilitative services; or

(b) A hospital that was licensed under this chapter before January 1, 2007.

Finding—2007 c 102: "The legislature finds that specialty hospitals jeopardize the financial balance of community hospitals by selectively providing care to less ill patients, treating fewer medicare, medicaid, and uninsured patients, providing primarily care that is profitable to investors, and reducing community hospital staffing. To assure that private and public hospitals in Washington remain financially viable institutions able to provide general acute care in their communities and maintain the capacity to respond to local, state, and national emergencies, the legislature has concluded that specialty hospitals must meet certain conditions in order to be licensed. These conditions will ensure that specialty hospitals and community hospitals compete on a level playing field and, therefore, will minimize the adverse impacts of specialty hospitals on community general hospitals while assuring quality patient care." [ 2007 c 102 § 1.]