Anchored bridging. When the steel joist bridging is connected to a bridging terminus point.

Bolted diagonal bridging. Diagonal bridging that is bolted to a steel joist or joists.

Bridging clip. A device that is attached to the steel joist to allow the bolting of the bridging to the steel joist.

Bridging terminus point. A wall, a beam, tandem joists (with all bridging installed and a horizontal truss in the plane of the top chord) or other element at an end or intermediate point(s) of a line of bridging that provides an anchor point for the steel joist bridging.

Choker. A wire rope or synthetic fiber rigging assembly that is used to attach a load to a hoisting device.

Cold forming. The process of using press brakes, rolls, or other methods to shape steel into desired cross sections at room temperature.

Column. A load-carrying vertical member that is part of the primary skeletal framing system. Columns do not include posts.

Competent person (also defined in WAC 296-155-012). One who can identify existing or predictable hazards in the surroundings or working conditions which are unsanitary, hazardous, or dangerous to employees, and who has authorization or authority by nature of their position to take prompt corrective measures to eliminate them. The person must be knowledgeable of the requirements of this part.

Connector. Someone who, working with hoisting equipment, is placing and connecting structural members and/or components.

Constructibility. The ability to erect structural steel members in accordance with this part without having to alter the overall structural design.

Construction load (for joist erection). Any load other than the weight of the employee(s), the joists and the bridging bundle.

Controlled load-lowering. Lowering a load by means of a mechanical hoist drum device that allows a load to be lowered with maximum control using the gear train or hydraulic components of the hoist mechanism. Controlled load lowering requires the use of the hoist drive motor, rather than the load hoist brake, to lower the load.

Controlling contractor. A prime contractor, general contractor, construction manager or any other legal entity that has the overall responsibility for the construction of the project—its planning, quality and completion.

Critical lift. A lift that:

• Exceeds 75% of the crane or derrick rated load chart capacity; or

• Requires the use of more than one crane or derrick.

Derrick floor. An elevated floor of a building or structure that has been designated to receive hoisted pieces of steel prior to final placement.

Double connection. An attachment method where the connection point is intended for two pieces of steel that share common bolts on either side of a central piece.

Double connection seat. A structural attachment that, during the installation of a double connection, supports the first member while the second member is connected.

Employee (and other terms of like meaning, unless the context of the provision containing such a term indicates otherwise). An employee of an employer who is employed in the business of their employer whether by way of manual labor or otherwise and every person in this state who is engaged in the employment of or who is working under an independent contract the essence of which is personal labor for an employer under this standard whether by way of manual labor or otherwise.

Employer. Any person, firm, corporation, partnership, business trust, legal representative, or other business entity which engages in any business, industry, profession, or activity in this state and employs one or more employees or who contracts with one or more persons, the essence of which is the personal labor of such person or persons and includes the state, counties, cities, and all municipal corporations, public corporations, political subdivisions of the state, and charitable organizations: Provided, That any persons, partnership, or business entity not having employees, and who is covered by the Industrial Insurance Act must be considered both an employer and an employee.

Erection bridging. The bolted diagonal bridging that is required to be installed prior to releasing the hoisting cables from the steel joists.

Final interior perimeter. The perimeter of a large permanent open space within a building such as an atrium or courtyard. This does not include openings for stairways, elevator shafts, etc.

Floor hole (decking hole). An opening measuring less than 12 inches but more than one inch in its least dimension in any floor, roof, or platform through which materials but not persons may fall, such as a belt hole, pipe opening, or slot opening.

Girt (in systems-engineered metal buildings). A "Z" or "C" shaped member formed from sheet steel spanning between primary framing and supporting wall material.

Headache ball. A weighted hook that is used to attach loads to the hoist load line of the crane.

Hoisting equipment. Lifting equipment designed to lift and position a load of known weight to a location at some known elevation and horizontal distance from the equipment's center of rotation. Hoisting equipment includes, but not limited to:

• Cranes;

• Derricks;

• Tower cranes;

• Barge-mounted derricks or cranes;

• Gin poles; and

• Gantry hoist systems.

Metal decking. A commercially manufactured, structural grade, cold rolled metal panel formed into a series of parallel ribs and includes metal floor and roof decks, standing seam metal roofs, other metal roof systems and other products such as bar gratings, checker plate, expanded metal panels, and similar products. After installation and proper fastening, these decking materials serve a combination of functions including: A structural element designed in combination with the structure to resist, distribute and transfer loads, stiffen the structure and provide a diaphragm action; a walking/working surface; a form for concrete slabs; a support for roofing systems; and a finished floor or roof.

Multiple lift rigging. A rigging assembly manufactured by wire rope rigging suppliers that facilitates the attachment of up to 5 independent loads to the hoist rigging of a crane.

Must. Mandatory.

Permanent floor. A structurally completed floor at any level or elevation (including slab on grade).

Post. A structural member with a longitudinal axis that is essentially vertical, that:

• Weighs 300 pounds or less and is axially loaded (a load presses down on the top end); or

• Is not axially loaded, but is laterally restrained by the above member. Posts typically support stair landings, wall framing, mezzanines and other substructures.

Project structural engineer of record. The registered, licensed professional responsible for the design of structural steel framing and whose seal appears on the structural contract documents.

Purlin (in systems-engineered metal buildings). A "Z," "C," or "W" shaped member formed from sheet steel spanning between primary framing and supporting roof material.

Qualified person. One who, by possession of a recognized degree, certificate, or professional standing, or who by extensive knowledge, training, and experience, has successfully demonstrated the ability to solve or resolve problems relating to the subject matter, the work, or the project.

Safety deck attachment. An initial attachment that is used to secure an initially placed sheet of decking to keep proper alignment and bearing with structural support members.

Shear connector. Headed steel studs, steel bars, steel lugs, and similar devices which are attached to a structural member for the purpose of achieving composite action with concrete.

Steel erection. The construction, alteration or repair of steel buildings, bridges and other structures, including the installation of metal decking and all planking used during the process of erection.

Steel joist. An open web, secondary load-carrying member of 144 feet (43.9 m) or less, designed by the manufacturer, used for the support of floors and roofs. This does not include structural steel trusses or cold-formed joists.

Steel joist girder. An open web, primary load-carrying member, designed by the manufacturer, used for the support of floors and roofs. This does not include structural steel trusses.

Steel truss. An open web member designed of structural steel components by the project structural engineer of record. For the purposes of this subpart, a steel truss is considered equivalent to a solid web structural member.

Structural steel. A steel member, or a member made of a substitute material (such as, but not limited to, fiberglass, aluminum or composite members). These members include, but are not limited to, steel joists, joist girders, purlins, columns, beams, trusses, splices, seats, metal decking, girts, and all bridging, and cold formed metal framing which is integrated with the structural steel framing of a building.

Systems-engineered metal building. A metal, field-assembled building system consisting of framing, roof and wall coverings. Typically, many of these components are cold-formed shapes. These individual parts are fabricated in one or more manufacturing facilities and shipped to the job site for assembly into the final structure. The engineering design of the system is normally the responsibility of the systems-engineered metal building manufacturer.

Tank. A container for holding gases, liquids or solids.

You. The employer.